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Crankcase Oil
Crankcase oils are continuously exposed to combustion products. They must be able to perform all the functions of lubrication and cooling and additionally cope with contamination from the combustion chambers.
Crankcase oils which lubricate all trunk piston engines are being more severely stressed as specific volumes of the oil charge are reduced (small sumps) whilst specific output (power per unit swept volume) increases and contamination levels from combustion-derived carbon and sulphur contamination levels climb.
On smaller engines, these oils will also lubricate the turbocharger bearings.